emery



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

, A. DJEMERY.

LOOM.

Patented Aug. 15, 1893.

4 Sheds-Sheet 2,

Patented Aug. 15, 1893.

LOOM.

A. D. EMERY.

W11 Ki OJAUWN (No Modem 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. A. D EMERY.

LOOM.

, Patented Aug. 15

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4, A. D. EMERY.

LOOM. No. 503,467 Patented Aug. 15, 1893.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ABRAM D. EMERY, OF TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

LOOM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 503,467, dated August 15, 1893.

Application filed October 9, 1890. Renewed January 4, 1892. Again renewed December 1. 1892. $erial No. 453,694. (No model) To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ABRAM D. EMERY, of Taunton, Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Looms for Weaving Two Fabrics Side by Side from a Single lVarp- Roll, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a double shed loom for simultaneously weaving two fabrics side by side, all the warp threads of which are fed from a single warp roll over a single whip roller.

One object of the invention is to insure that all the members of the four groups of warp threads of which the double sheds are formed, shall always be under the same or nearly the same degree of tension at any given stage in the shed-forming operation. This is accomplished by delivering the warp threads from a single roll over a single whip-roller and by giving to the harnesses, through the eyes of which the warp threads are respectively led, ranges of reciprocating motion so related to each other that in forming the double sheds for weaving the two fabrics side by side, the groups of warp threads of the two fabrics respectively are vibrated in parallel paths which partly interlap each other.

Another object of the invention is to provide that the two race-ways for the two shuttles carrying the weft threads for the two fabrics respectively shall be in close proximity to each other in order to permit the employment of a narrow reed for simultaneously beating up the weft threads of the two fabrics respectively. The advantage of the narrow reed is rendered attainable in the present case by the interlapping of the paths of vibration of the warp threads of the respective fabrics.

In carrying out the invention, four harnesses may be used, the cords of which are each provided with a single eye for controlling a single warp thread, but it is preferred to employ only two harnesses, each of which is provided with two parallel rows of eyes, for respectively controlling the groups of warp threads of the two fabrics, which during the formation of the sheds are always moved in the same direction. The essential characteristic of this mode of forming the double sheds is, that there are two lines of decussation of the two inner groups of warp threads, one of these lines of decussation being necessarily beneath the reed, and the other at or near the level of the reed.

The accompanying drawings, illustrating the improvements and showing so much of the loom structure as suffices to exhibit their construction and mode of operation, are as follows, viz:

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, showing a portion of the loom frame, and showing partly in dotted lines four harnesses for forming the double sheds, and a train of gearing and a cam for operating the harnesses. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the drums for giving motion to the harnesses, which in Fig. 1 are concealed from view by the gear wheels affixed to the shafts of the said drums respectively. Fig. 2 is a section showing a modification in the means for giving motion to the harnesses. Fig. 3 is a top view of a portion of the harnesses and harness drums represented in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a side elevation similar to Fig. 1, except that it illustrates the employment of two harnesses for forming the double sheds. Fig. i is a view in elevation showing the pitman connected with the shaft of one of the harness drums. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the drum for giving motion to the two harnesses shown in Fig. 4:. Fig. 6 is a top view of a portion of the harnesses and drums represented in Fig. 4;.

The drawings represent a portion of the side frame a of a vertical loom, provided with a single whip roller 19, the shaft 1) of which is provided with bearings in the loom frame. The warp threads 0 are led upward from a single warp roll 0 over the outer bar I) and under the inner bar 11 of the whip roller and thence upward across and between the lease rods 1) and if; b and b respectively, by which the warp threads are separated into four equal groups 0 c c 0 The groups of warp threads 0 c are woven into the fabric 0 and the groups of warp threads 0 c are woven into the fabric o In the construction represented in Fig. 1, four harnesses are employed to form the double sheds. Each warp thread is led upward through a harness eye d, and there are imparted to the harnesses reciprocating motions in such order and relation that, in the ICO formation of the sheds the warp threads of the respective fabrics are vibrated in parallel paths which partly interlap each other, so that the inner groups of warp threads have two lines of decussation, one necessarily be neath the reed, and the other at or near the level of the reed.

On reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings, it will be seen that the warp threads 0 c c c are respectively controlled by the harnesses f, g, h and 11. By the interlappin g of the paths of vibration of the warp threads the two raceways afforded by the double sheds are in close proximity, thus permitting the useof the single narrow reed e which is carried in the usual manner by the lay e, the side bars of which are represented in the drawings in transverse vertical section.

Motion is imparted to the harnesses respectively by means of the flexible straps f, g, h and 1;. The straps f and g are fastened to the periphery of the harness drum j; but there is interposed between the strap f and the surface of the drum j a short strap 3'', the thickness of which sufficiently increases the radius of the curved surface over which the strap f is led to cause the harness f to have the greater range of reciprocating movement which it is required to have to enable it to move the warp thread a to the same angular positions as those to which the harness g moves the warp thread 0 In order to bring the, harness f into parallelism with and close proximity to the harness 9 its driving strap f is led from the under side of the drum j over the idler roller 7' The harness drums are preferably arranged in the rear of the loom. The front side of the harness f is connected to the flexible strap f which is led under the stretching roller it after passing over the idler roller the strap k being interposed between the strap f and the stretching roller is for the purpose of making the same addition to the radius of the curved surface over which the strap f is led as that which is made by the strap j interposed between the drum j and the strap f. The front side of the harness g is connected with the strap g which is led over the top of the stretching roller 70, and fastened thereto. The harness h is connected by the driving strap h to the harness drum Z, the short strap Z being interposed between the drum Z and the strap h, in order to appropriately increase the radius of the curved surface over which the strap h is led. The harness 1; is connected with the driving strapv 2" which is led under the idler roller Z and upward therefrom to the surface of the harness drum 1 to which it is fastened. The harness drum Z is of smaller diameter than the drum is.

The front sides of the harnesses h and i are connected to the straps h and 7?, which are either fastened to the stretching roller m, or are fastened to each other, and led around the stretching roller m and the interposed strap m, the strap 2' being led under the idler roller m and thence upward to the stretching roller m. It will, of course, be perceived that instead of employing the interposed straps j, is, Z and m, each of the harness drums may have its under side increased in diameter to an amount equal to the thickness of the interposed strap. Ineither case four different ranges of motion are imparted to the harnesses by the four curved surfaces of correspondingly different radii over which the driving straps are respectively led.

The harness drums j and Z are geared together by means of the intermeshing pinions J and L, and have imparted to them a suitable range of reciprocating rotatory motion, derived from the harness cam n, which makes half a revolution to each beat of the lay. The cam groove, n of the cam n, engages a cam pin 0, affixed to the pitman 0, which is' provided with the bifurcated lower end, 0 for straddling the shaft, m of the harness cam. The upper end of the pitman 0 is pivoted to a crank arm, 19, which may either be affixed to the shaft of one of the harness drums, as shown in Fig. at or, as shown in Fig. 4, may be affixed to the hub of the toothed sector q, the teeth of which mesh into the teeth of the pinion J. During one portion of the revolution of the harness cam n, the cam pin 0 is held in that portion of the cam groove n which is nearest theaxis of the cam, and the harnesses, controlled by the pivotal connection of the pitman with the crank arm 19, are held in the positions in which they are represented in Fig. 1, fora sufficient length of time to enable the beat to take place; and immediately afterward, by the continued rotation of the cam n, the cam pin 0 is brought into engagement with that portion of the cam groove n which is farthest from the axis of the cam, and the harnesses are thus reversed from the positions in'which they are represented in Fig. 1, and are held stationary long enough to allow the next following beat to take place, and so on.

In the modification represented in Figs. 4 and 5, only two harnesses, 'r and s, are employed, and as will be seen, they are operated in the same way that the harnesses f and ness 0" is provided with two heddle eyes 1" r for respectively controlling the movements of the warp threads 0' and c, which arealways vibrated in the same directions in the act of forming the successive double sheds. Similarly, each of the cords of the harness s is provided with two heddle eyes 8 s for re- 9 5 are operated. Each of the cords of the harspectively controlling the warp threads 0 and 0 which, during the formation of the sheds, are always moved in the direction opposite to that in which the warp threads 0 and c are at the same time moved. It will be seen that the paths of movement of the harnesses r and s are so related that they form the double sheds by moving the warp threads in parallel paths which partly interlap, so that the inner groups of warp threads are made to cross each other on aline beneath the reed,and also on a line at or near the level of the reed. By this organization, two fabrics are woven side by side, by the use of a single comparatively narrow reed for simultaneously beating up the wefts of the two fabrics respectively, and by the use of a single whiproller for collecting all the warp threads into a position in which convenient access may be had to them, and by the use of a single warp roll, from which all the Warp threads are let off at like rates at the same times.

What is claimed as the invention is 1. The combination in a loom for simultaneously weaving two fabrics side by side, of a single warp roll for supplying all the warp threads, a single whip roller for delivering all the warp threads in a common line, and a single reed, unobstructed from side to side, for simultaneously beating up the wet'ts of the two fabrics, with harness cords provided with eyes for controlling and maintainingthe warp threads in four equal groups, and means for imparting to said harness cords reciprocating motions of prescribed ranges, whereby in the formation of a succession of double sheds the warp threads of the two separate fabrics are vibrated in parallel paths which partly interlap above the lower side of the reed.

2. The combination, in a loom for simultaneously Weaving two fabrics side by side, of a single Warp roll, a single whip roller and a single reed unobstructed from side to side with shedding mechanism for forming a succession of double sheds by vibrating the warp threads in four equal groups in parallel paths which partly interlap above the lower side of the reed.

3. In a vertical loom means for supplying, under suitable tension, the two pairs of groups of warp threads of two separate fabrics, a single reed unobstructed from side to side shedding mechanism for forming a succession of double sheds by vibrating said two pairs of groups of warp threads in parallel paths which partly interlap above the lower side of the reed and means for reciprocating said reed in a vertical path for simultaneously weaving said two pairs of groups of warp threads, respectively, into two separate fabrics.

4. In a loom for simultaneously weaving two separate fabrics in two parallel planes, a single reed unobstructed from side to side, means for appropriately supplying four groups of warp threads to suitably arranged heddle eyes, means for imparting to said heddle eyes prescribed ranges of reciprocating motions in parallel and partly interlapping paths whereby in the formation of a succession of double sheds, the warp threads of the two fabrics partly interlap above the lower side of said reed, and means for vibrating said reed in a vertical path.

ABRAM D. EMERY.

Witnesses:

EDGAR L. CRossMAN, WALTER T. EMERY. 

